Indecent Dressing in Schools, Causes, Effects & Solutions

Indecent dressing is a social malady in the society today especially by the youths. It simply means deliberate exposure of one’s body to the public.

This practice does not conform to the norms and values of the society, particularly the African society.

Effects of Indecent Dressing, Causes and Solutions

This practice is now so common in public places like in churches and offices. Indecent dressing is caused by common phrases which are the problems of our generation like; “Only God can judge me, you can’t”, “Leave them alone”,

“Everyone is entitled to his or her opinion”;

“Mind your business”. These phrases have become so common in our society that one can’t condemn any wrong doings again because the rewards are usually curses, malice, hatred and condemnation.

Indecent dressing is the major cause of the various assault and sexual harassments recorded in the society, overtime. In the name of fashion, ladies dress half naked to functions for instance Nigerian ladies derive pleasure in wearing miniskirts, bumper shorts, armless tops etc.

Innocent boys have been subject to arrests along with hooligans because of this ill. Boys nowadays fix hairs, pierce ears making them look like hardened criminals, so one cannot really police for arresting them.

Nowadays, there are different boy styles like sagging, hot bosom, low west and the likes. Although to say the least, these unfortunate societal ill has now eaten deep into both the young and the old, it is also common amongst artistes especially while they are on stage.

This is another cause for indecency in dressing amongst youths as most youths see these characters as role models and mentors.

Major factors contributing to this societal problem include: the society, peer groups and parents.

Reasonably parents are not to be a part of this problem but nowadays, parents encourage their offspring by buying them these kinds of clothes or recommend them to the children to attend parties.

There are various ways in which indecent dressing can be reduced in our society at least to a minimum level. Parents should dress decently and act as role models to their children, religious institutions should always promote the culture of decent dressing, dress codes should be introduced in higher institutions and given to all students, the mass media should do more to promote decency in dressing among youths and there should be formation of campus brigades to check the dressing patterns of students.

ABSTRACT

This project looks at indecent dressing. Dress pattern that is common among students of higher institution of learning in Nigeria. The various forms that these dresses appears, reasons why these students dress indecently, use of the internet, fading values as well as demonic influence among others. The negative repercussions include rape, prostitution, HIV/AID and other venereal diseases/infections as well as armed robbery, lying and poor school grades. The instrument used in the collection of data was questionnaires; the result showed that indecent dressing has a great effect on students in higher institutions. It was recommended that parents should be good moral examples to their children. They should given them attention and regulate the films they watch at home and that the media must promote good moral values. 

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Indecent appearance has come to characterize the dress pattern of many students on campuses of higher learning in Nigeria, there is hardly any higher institution of learning in this country that is not faced with his nauseating problem. The way students on theses campuses of learning particularly the female ones dress seductively leaves much to be desired. What the girls call skirts that they wear is just “one inch” longer than their pants. When they put on such dresses, they struggle to sit down, find it difficult in climbing machines, cross gutter as well as pick anything from the ground. Apart from the skimpy and tight fitting nature of these dresses, they are again transparent, revealing certain parts of the bodies that under normal dressing patterns ought to be hidden away from the glare of people. In the case of boys, their pattern of dress is different. It makes them to look so dirty and very unattractive with unkempt hairs and dirty jeans having pockets of holes deliberately created around the knees and the lower part of the trousers allowed to flow on the ground because they go through their heals into their legs as socks.

The waist of their trousers are lowered and fastened tightly at the middle of the bottom lobes to reveal their boxers (pants) and when they are walking they drag their legs and one of their hands particularly, the left one, cupping their invisible scrotum as if they will fall to the ground if not supposed. Many of them because of how they dressed had at one time or the other become victims of rape, lured into prostitution, used for ritual purpose, unable to complete their education or training and also engaged in other ancillary social and moral problems like cultism and lying to mention these few. Although, there are known universally acceptable way or ways of dressing, dresses are meant to serve some definable purpose, country or region notwithstanding. They are part of the peoples culture and they define their tribal or ethnic identity. Apart from dresses being a means for cultural identity they are for ornamental or aesthetic purposes, for protection of the body against harsh weather condition as well as covering the intimate part of the body. These purposes are important especially as they form major aspects of a person’s personality. But as important as these purpose are, they have been defeated by the Nigerian youths, their dress pattern are most time anti-African dress pattern invented. They usually dress in a manner that does not show especially that of Nigerian encourages modesty in appearance as do the Christian and Islamic religion where the larger population of these youth claim to be worshiping God. This un-african dress pattern among the youths of this generation are generated a lot of concern and worry among the citizenry of the country. Religion institution as well as institution of learning are not resting on their bars to watch this moral act being perpetuated, but they speak against it. For instance Olori (2003) reported that at the university of Abuja rules were made that any dress won must cover intimate part of the body, must not expose the breast, stomach, navel and bare chest. But on this campus student still dress indecently.

In the same vein, in Edo State College of Education Ekiadolor, where this study is focused, it seems that the introduction of a dress code was misinterpreted by the students to mean they should dress indecently. This is because what became obvious with students in this college after the introduction of this dress code was the alarming and arrant ways that they begin to dress indecently. One is not however surprised because what is typically of most Nigerian administrators is always a wide gap between policy and formulation and execution. Indecent dressing even though is not accepted as the normality, it seem to be gaining ascendancy. One wonders what becomes of the society tomorrow with the caliber of students that are being trained.

If rules are made for people, they suppose to be adequately informed why such rules are made. It is for this very reason this project attempts to counsel students about the cause, effects of indecent dressing as well as suggestion of solutions that could remedy the further spread of this immoral act on campuses of learning in Nigeria.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

This behaviour is of a hydra headed origin. It is not just a behaviour that developed overnight, but an accumulated behavioural pattern that could be attributed to the home due to neglect and/or poor parenting. The effects of globalization arising from wrong values of exportation and importation, reflection of high rate of moral decadence in the large society (corruption and the led), peer pressure and the desire to belong as well as fading values and demonic influence all contribute to the act of indecent dressing.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main motive of the study is to investigate the effects of dressing in the Nigerian educational sector. Indecent dressing in higher institutions of learning, emphasis on college of education, Ekiadolor, Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. This study is to find out whether students of higher learning can still dress decently.

This study intends to find out possible solutions to indecent dressing in the Nigerian educational sector. Many teachers, administrators, security personnel, counsellors are worried when it comes to evaluating indecent dressing.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Parents, school administrators, society leaders are some of the important factor that contribute to the indecent dressing of students in higher institutions of learning. It is hoped that this study will identify some of the vital factors existing in the various levels and what influences students indecent dressing.

The result of the study will be of immense importance to all and sundry particularly educational administrators. Teachers and others who may be interested in the welfare, progress, educational upliftment and advancement of students. The study will bring into focus the need for government to incorporate parents in planning the progress and upliftment of the students.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

For valid conclusion to be drawn in this study the following  research questions have been formulated to serve as guide in the conduct of the investigation.

    Does poor parenting have any impact on indecent dressing of the students in higher institutions of learning?

    Does peer pressure have any impact on indecent dressing of students in higher institution of learning in Nigeria?

    Does society have any impact in indecent dressing of the students I higher institution of learning?

    Does educational sector have any impact in indecent dressing of the students in higher institutions of learning?

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers the effect of indecent dressing in the Nigerian educational sector using the college of education, Ekiadolor as a case study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Dress: A piece of clothing that cover someone’s’ body

Indecent: Offensive or shocking

Skimpy: Of (clothes) short and revealing

Ornament: Am object designed to add beauty to something.

Aesthetic: Concerned with beauty or its appreciation. Having a pleasant appearance.

CONCLUSION

A student stated that she had to stop attending a church in which she grew up because the ushers stopped her from entering inside one Sunday because of what she was wearing.

According to her, “I wore a mini gown, which highlighted my hips and boobs and the ‘old-fashioned’ usher refused to allow me enter the church. Since then, I decided to join another church that won’t judge me based on my dressing, but my heart. Besides, the Lord sees the heart, not the body; so, why should anybody judge me”?

On her part, a retired school principal and mother of five, Mrs. Hilda Kumbin stated that: “It is unfortunate that standard has fallen in the society and parents are not helping because they don’t have time for their children. There are many reasons why young girls come out in indecent dresses but the most important, I think, has to do with self-esteem. When a young girl feels inadequate, lacking in self-confidence, she will do anything to draw attention to herself and wearing indecent clothes could be her way of doing that. They forget that for every action, there is a reaction; and that is why we have series of cases like rape. Most young women have fallen victims to rape because of the provocative dresses they put on. I believe that, indecent dressing debases womanhood because it tends to expose parts of the woman’s body that forms her treasure. Our pride as women lies in hidden and protected treasure; but when a girl exposes it to the public, it reduces her worth in the sight of everyone in society and it makes the man to lose respect in her; there won’t be anything left for the man to explore. Any man that will come after her will only be doing so out of lust, and just to devour what she has displayed for him. Even if you are decent but decide to wear indecent clothes, people will insult you,” she said.

Continuing further, she said, “A girl’s behaviour is often influenced by the type of training and grooming she gets. It has become necessary to establish guidelines for parents and students on acceptable mode of dressing. The National Assembly must enact a law that will regulate dressing in the society. I like what some schools like University of Abuja and Nasarawa State University, Keffi are doing on indecent dressing. Government must ban unscrupulous music videos and films, while parents must discourage their children from such dressings. In the same vein, teachers must discourage this madness. Young people must know that indecent dressing do not improve their beauty; rather, they dent their image and it also symbolises rebellion and immorality, ending in molestation,” she cautions.

Also, Mr. Peter Abbass, a Psychology lecturer in Nasarawa State Polytechnic stated: “I think it‘s time a course on immorality or indecent dressing is introduced in schools. I think it is low self-esteem that is making young girls to dress indecently. It makes them believe that they have to do something, sometimes improper to be noticed; this is to fill emptiness in their lives. They are not contented with their abilities and beauty.

“These young girls see other ladies dressing that way and because men chase after such girls, the girl with very low self-esteem will want to join them to get the same attention. One thing about indecent dressing is that it attracts attention; whether it is a negative or positive one, the bottom line is that it attracts attention. People must stare and automatically, such a person is noticed. So, when a girl who feels insecure wants to be noticed, she resorts to indecent dressing. Indecent dressing portrays our society and institution as immoral; if it’s in the church, it portrays the pastor as weak and not spiritually sound. Parents and adults must dress well and honourably as an example for younger generations. The mass media should promote good moral values and religious leaders must strongly preach against indecent dressing because you will be addressed by the way you are dressed,” he said.

For Pastor John Ishaku, Christian parents must teach their children how to dress decently because that is what the Bible says. “In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with braided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; But (which becomes women professing godliness) with good works.” So it is a command from the Bible. It is a sin for a lady dressing half-naked to walk in the street or come to church.”

Mallam Yahaya Abdulaziz, a Muslim cleric also stated that, “No good Muslim woman will dress indecently because it is clearly written: ‘Tell the believing men that they shall subdue their eyes (and not stare at the women), and to maintain their chastity. This is purer for them. God is fully cognizant of everything they do.’

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Masters Degree in South Africa | Study in SA

South Africa's entire educational system is in the process of being redesigned for the post-apartheid future, by incorporating small universities into larger educational institutions. The result of this process will be a better, more efficient educational infrastructure.

About South Africa

South Africa, on the continent's southern tip, is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and by the Indian Ocean on the south and east. Its neighbors are Namibia in the northwest, Zimbabwe and Botswana in the north, and Mozambique and Swaziland in the northeast. The kingdom of Lesotho forms an enclave within the southeast part of South Africa.

South Africa is located on the most southern tip of the African continent where the Atlantic and Indian Oceans meet. It shares borders with Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Swaziland and Mozambique. In addition, the small country of Lesotho is completely contained within South Africa. South Africa is home to more than 50 million residents who come from a wide variety of cultures and religions and who speak a multitude of languages. South Africa is the most industrialized country in Africa. The unit of currency is the South African Rand (R), which has an exchange rate of about 0.1 USD.

Climate

South Africa is in the southern hemisphere, so the seasons are opposite those of the northern hemisphere – summer is in January and winter is in July. The South African coastline is more than 2,500 km in length, but much of the land adjacent to the coastline is mountainous, which then turns into a high plateau in the interior. The northern part of the country becomes a desert.

Overall, South Africa has a relatively dry climate, and temperatures tend to be somewhat lower than countries at similar latitudes due to the mountainous terrain and high interior plateau. Interior temperatures rarely rise above 30 degrees C in the summertime. In Cape Town, the maximum summer temperatures are about 26 degrees C and minimum winter temperatures are about 7 degrees C.

Culture

South Africa boasts a wide variety of lifestyles and scenery with something for everyone, from cosmopolitan urban environments and quiet historic cities to mountains for climbing and hiking to deserts for safaris and beaches for surfing and scuba diving. In addition to cultural establishments such as art museums and art galleries and events such as theater, dance and festivals, a major stop for visitors is the Apartheid Museum located in Johannesburg. The museum provides a powerful insight into the country’s sometimes-violent past and the journey to recovery and reconciliation.

South African cuisine is heavily meat-based and barbecue is a favorite method of preparation. South Africa is also increasingly known as a producer of fine wines.

Cost of Living

The cost of living in South Africa is relatively low compared to other highly developed countries. A one-bedroom apartment costs around $350-$450 US per month, and utilities run another $100 US or so. An inexpensive meal costs about $7 US and a moderately priced three-course meal for two can be found for about $30 US.

Student information about cities in South Africa

Find the best information about what to expect when studying in top cities in South Africa. Read about degree course offers, career opportunities, student life, living costs, and more.

• Study in Johannesburg
• Study in Cape Town
• Study in Pretoria

Academic structure

South Africa has both public and private universities. Public universities can be:

• Traditional - focusing on theoretical and academic subjects
• Technological (technikons) - offering vocational qualifications
• Comprehensive - teaching a mix of technical and theoretical subjects

Private universities usually provide vocational courses.

Most universities teach in English, although some focus on preserving and encouraging the use of Afrikaans language in an academic context.

Degrees offered

As part of the South African university system students may study at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels, although not all universities will offer all types of course.

There are also a large number of other educational institutions in South Africa - some are local campuses of foreign universities, some conduct classes for distance-learning students, offering both unaccredited and non-accredited diplomas. Universities and colleges are accredited by the Council on Higher Education.

General application requirements

To be eligible for an undergraduate degree at a university in South Africa, you must present proof of completing the following requirements:

GCE A levels scores

International Baccalaureate (IB) diploma

• a relevant high school degree
• a pass in English language proficiency (IELTS or TOEFL language tests)

Before applying , ask the university international student office for detailed information on application requirements.

English exam preparation courses in South Africa

Meet language requirements for university admission in the South Africa by choosing an English language preparation course offered by English language schools worldwide, including South Africa. By taking the right English exam training course you will advance your language skills in order to get the needed scores for IELTS, TOEFL, CAE, or other English exams.

Application dates

The academic calendar in South Africa usually begins in January or February and ends in November. Deadlines for international students to apply for the following year tend to be very early, so it is important to apply in plenty of time.

How to Apply for a South African Study Permit

International students should apply for a Study Permit at the South African High Commission, Embassy, Consulate or Trade Mission in their country of origin.

Study permits are issued for a program of study at a specific institution. Once you have confirmed your acceptance of the formal offer from the university or technikon, you can make your application for a study visa.

Prospective international students are advised to submit their study permit documentation as soon as possible. It normally takes six to eight weeks for applications to be processed. The institution (technikon or university) in South Africa cannot register a student until a valid study permit has been produced. Passports with the valid study permit must be presented to the host institution during registration.

In order to obtain their study permit to South Africa, students should provide the following documents:

1. Application form
2. Valid passport
3. Passport photos
4. Notarized copy of birth certificate
5. Proof of medical report and radiological report
6. Criminal background check report
7. Proof of health coverage (health insurance)
8. Flight itinerary
9. Letter from the institution in South Africa confirming acceptance and duration of the course
10. Proof of financial means to support yourself during your studies in South Africa.
11. Non-refundable fee

You should contact the South African Consulate for full details about applying for a study permit.

Higher Education in South Africa

Higher education and training encompasses both undergraduate and graduate degrees, including bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees. Both public and private higher education institutes exist, including universities, universities of technology, and comprehensive institutions. The universities offer traditional theoretically and research-oriented degrees; the other institutions focus on professional and vocational education and training.

Why Study in South Africa?

In addition to the opportunity to study in English within a multicultural environment, South Africa has many world-class schools of higher education that include state-of-the-art research along with high-quality master’s degree programs. South Africa has three universities in the top 400 universities world-wide, as ranked by the 2012-2013 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

Universities in South Africa

South Africa has 23 state funded higher education institutes that offer master’s degrees, including 11 universities, 6 universities of technology, and 6 comprehensive institutions. Private institutions exist as well, totaling 115. Programs are offered in most academic disciplines, and master’s degrees in business administration, economics and finance are especially popular. International students are welcome and use the same application procedures as South African nationals.

SEE ALSO: List of Universities in South Africa

Tuition and Program Duration

Annual tuition for master’s studies varies widely by program and school, but is generally low in state schools, from about $1,500 to $5,000 (US); private schools are somewhat higher. Master’s programs also range in duration, but are typically 1-2 years.

Academic Year

The academic year runs from February through December and includes two semesters. Each semester typically consists of six weeks of classes, a one-week break, then seven weeks of classes, and finally one week for studying (called swot week) and then exams.

Post-Graduate Opportunities

Many multinational corporations operate in South Africa, and graduates with master’s degrees will find numerous opportunities for employment, whether they are South African nationals or expats. Industry sectors that are currently growing include automotive, information technology, communications, mining, banking and services. The vast majority of jobs are concentrated in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Durban, Pretoria, and Johannesburg. To obtain a work permit, an international student must usually first have a job offer for a position that cannot be filled locally. However, students with skills in specialized areas or highly qualified experts in certain fields may be able to obtain work permits even without a specific job offer.

Visa Requirements

International students studying in South Africa are required to have a study permit before they enter the country to attend school. A visitor’s permit cannot be exchanged for a study permit after arrival. Once a student has been accepted at a university, they can apply for a study permit at the South Africa office in their home country.

Health Insurance

International students are required to obtain South African health insurance, even if they are covered by health insurance in their home country. Proof of this coverage is required when applying for the study visa. Students must pay for the entire academic year in advance; monthly or other payments are not allowed.

Tips

Although English in the predominant language for public exchanges and business in South Africa, the country has 11 official languages, including Afrikaans (a derivative of Dutch), Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu. Students may encounter indigenous languages throughout the country; however, most South Africans can speak more than one language and English is widely understood.

Sports are very popular in South Africa, with the major sports being soccer, rugby and cricket. Other sports with significant followings and international presence include swimming, golf, boxing and tennis.

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19 Degree Courses With Hot Employment Opportunities in Nigeria

Listing of 19 degree courses with best employment opportunities in Nigeria. Included also is another 20 courses with worst employment opportunities in Nigeria.

In these lists, the compiler (a student like you) have taken time to observe the Nigerian employment market and propose this list as a course-choice-guide to prospective students who wish to apply for admission into the university.

Note that this is a mere hypothesis that stand to be criticized. Your contribution is welcome on what you think is better. Feel free to comment courses you feel should be on the list of best or worst courses after viewing the writer’s opinion.

BEST COURSES TO STUDY IN NIGERIA UNIVERSITIES

1. Civil Engineering
2. Agriculture Science.
3. Medicine.
4. Economics.
5. Business & Administrative Studies.
6. Geology
7. Computer Science/IT
8. Nursing
9. Architecture
10. Health Education
11. Home Economics
12. Marketing
13. Graphics Art.
14. Accounting & Finance
15. Fishery.
16. Pharmacy.
17. Physics
18. Human Resources Management
19. Law
20. Chemistry

WORST COURSES TO STUDY IN NIGERIA UNIVERSITIES

1. Religious Studies
2. Political Science
3. Music
4. Zoology
5. Primary Education
6. French
7. Sport
8. Sociology
9. Counseling Psychology
10. Geography
11. Language
12. Library and Information Science
13. Fine Art
14. Philosophy
15. Social Studies
16. Mass Communication
17. Botany
18. Physical Education
19. Theatre Art
20. English Literature

SEE ALSO: Hot Courses to Study in Nigeria Universities 

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Hot Courses to Study in Nigeria Universities

All courses they all have specific roles that they play in various human fields. Be that as it may, some courses are more important than others.  Some course are more marketable tan others.

Some courses are rather streamlined in nature, while some other ones have broader prospects. You need to properly investigate any course you want to register for in a Nigerian university. Make sure you go for those courses that are more marketable with broader perspective.

There is better chance of getting job fast or establishing on your own after completing any of these marketable courses. In this write-up, you are going to learn about the 10 best courses you can study in Nigerian universities.

They are arranged in their order of importance.

Medicine

Truth is medicine is one of the most marketable courses in Nigerian university. Once you finish your training as a medical doctor, you are very sure of getting job fast. In most instances, jobs are waiting for you once you finish, even before your induction.

The population of Nigeria is increasing by the day. Many more people get sick and they will want to visit hospitals for treatment. This means the curse will always be marketable; it is as profitable as “pure-water” business in dry seasons .

Estate Management

Many people never realize how marketable this course can be. Truth is the course is marketable and will continue to be. This is because Nigeria’s population is increasing by the day. Many more buildings are being built to meet with this increasing population.

Those who own these buildings will always require the services of estate managers to mange and oversee these buildings. If you are a science student in search of the best course to study in the university, this course will prove to be one of the best to choose.

Accounting

Accounting is a marketable course any day. The service of an accountant is required by virtually all professional bodies, accounting firms and so on.  They audit accounts and are needed to work in several places, like airports, hotels, supermarkets, banks, churches, schools and so on.

Their services are also required in government establishments. The accounting graduate will however need to go for professional courses in accounting as ordinary accounting degree is not that marketable.

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

The chemical and petroleum industries in Nigeria are always on the lookout for worthy graduates in these fields to employ.

Getting job in these industries may not be so easy, but anyone who is able to get such a job after graduating from the university will never have to go hungry again. The pay is good and the lifestyle it offers is top class.

Theater Arts

Most theatre arts graduates are into self employment. Be that as it may, this is a thriving industry in thee Nigeria of today. The entertainment provided by this industry is well sought after by Nigerians.

So many successful and well known individuals have been produced by this industry and many of them are Theatre Arts graduates.  The best universities where you can study this course in Nigeria are University of Calabar, University of Lagos and University of Port Harcourt.

Pharmacy

This is yet another highly marketable course in Nigeria. Graduates of pharmacy are involved in formulating drugs.  They are taught about how drugs work and the side effects of these drugs.

A pharmacy student is also taught about how drugs interact. A pharmacy graduate can be employed by the National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC).

If they like, they can go into private practice by establishing their own pharmaceutical company. They can equally seek employment with any of the pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria.

Computer Engineering and Information Technology

We are in information age and any graduate of computer engineering and information technology is undoubtedly a hot cake. Virtually everyone is online these days. The number of those in need of computers and information technology services will increase astronomically in the nearest future.

This means the services of computer engineering and information technology graduates will be needed more and more in the nearest future. The only problem is that one can actually become a computer engineering and information technology expert without writing UTME or seeing the four walls of a university.

Be that as it may, already established computer engineering and information technology firms would always prefer to employ someone with university degree

Nursing and Laboratory Sciences

Nursing is a marketable course any day. As a nursing graduate, your possibilities are simply limitless. You can work both in Nigeria and other countries of the world. Many foreign countries are desperately looking for nurses to employ and you can travel aboard to get gainfully employed if you do not like the working condition in Nigeria.

The same thing applies to laboratory scientist. As a fresh graduate of nursing, you may not earn much, but your pay increases if you go for further professional courses, like post-basic training in surgery, midwifery and the likes.

Marketing

Marketing degree is one of the most marketable in Nigeria of today. A marketer is needed by virtually every business organization. Marketing is not what just anyone can do; it is a professional thing and this is why any business organization that desires to thrive in the midst of competition will employ a marketer.

The marketer can equally go into private practice and he/she will be able to thrive in business than others who do not have the skills he/she had been given in the universities.

Mass Communication

This is yet another very marketable course you can consider if you are an Arts student in secondary school.  It is not offered by many Nigerian universities since not all of them have the facilities to offer the course.

A mass communication graduate can work in a TV station or radio station. He/she can also work in a newspaper industry. He can be employed by government and he can as well go into self employment and become a freelance journalist. As a mass communication graduate, you can equally work at the embassy.

Please share this across your social networks.

Thanks.

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100 Best Universities In Nigeria 2017

According to the National Universities Commission (NUC), we at AcademicsNG have compiled and shared the list of 100 best universities in Nigeria for 2017.

100 Best Universities In Nigeria 2017

1. University of Ibadan, UI
2. University of Lagos, Unilag
3. University of Benin, Uniben
4. Obafemi Awolowo University, OAU
5. Ahmadu Bello University, Abu
6. University of Ilorin, Unilorin
7. University of Jos, Unijos
8. University of Port Harcourt, Uniport
9. University of Maiduguri, Unimaid
10. University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,
11. Lagos State University, Lasu
12. Federal University of Technology, Futo
13. Covenant University, CU
14. University of Nigeria, UNN
15. Federal University of Technology, Futa
16. Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Unizik
17. Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Esut
18. Pan African University
19. Ladoke Akintola University of Technology. lautech
20. Modibbo Adama University of Technology
21. African University of Science and Technology
22. University of Uyo, Uniuyo
23. Bayero University Kano, Buk
24. Ambrose Alli University, AAU
25. Redeemer’s University,
26. Babcock University
27. Federal University of Technology,
28. University of Calabar, Unical
29. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,
30. Ajayi Crowther University
31. Bowen University
32. Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Rsust
33. Lead City University
34. Crawford University
35. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU
36. Abia State University, Absu
37. Usmanu Danfodio University,
38. Igbinedion University
39. Imo State University, Imsu
40. Niger Delta University
41. Bells University of Technology
42. Kwara State University
43. Nasarawa State University
44. Caleb University
45. Obong University Obong
46. Adekunle Ajasin University
47. Ekiti State University,
48. American University of Nigeria
49. Joseph Ayo Babalola University
50. Veritas University Abuja
51. Afe Babalola University
52. Kaduna State University Kaduna
53. Osun State University Oshogbo
54. Umaru Musa Yar’Adua University Katsina
55. Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ndufu-Alike

56. Salem University Lokoja
57. Novena University Ogume
58. Achievers University, Owo Owo
59. Benson Idahosa University Benin City
60. Ebonyi State University Abakaliki
61. University of Abuja Abuja
62. University of Mkar Mkar
63. Madonna University Okija
64. Bingham University Auta Balifi
65. Plateau State University Bokkos
66. Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun
67. Federal University, Dutse Dutse
68. Nigerian Turkish Nile University Abuja
69. Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai
70. Landmark University Omu-Aran
71. Delta State University, Abraka Abraka
72. University of Agriculture, Makurdi Makurdi
73. Renaissance University Enugu
74. Federal University, Otuoke Otuoke
75. Tai Solarin University of Education Ijebu-Ode
76. Federal University, Oye-Ekiti Oye
77. Kano State University of Technology Wudil
78. Tansian University Umunya …
79. Akwa Ibom State University Uyo
80. Baze University Abuja
81. Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero
82. Benue State University Makurdi
83. Adeleke University Ede
84. Ondo State University of Science & Technology Okitipupa
85. Kogi State University Anyigba
86. Western Delta University Oghara
87. Federal University, Wukari Wukari
88. Paul University Awka
89. Caritas University Enugu
90. Federal University, Lafia Lafia
91. Cross River University of Science & Technology Calabar
92. Fountain University Oshogbo
93. Al-Hikmah University Ilorin
94. Godfrey Okoye University Ugwuomu-Nike
95. Oduduwa University Ile Ife
96. Anambra State University Uli
97. Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago Iwoye
98. Federal University, Lokoja Lokoja
99. Federal University, Kashere Kashere
100. Rhema University Obeama-Asa.

Please share this to others.

AcademicsNG Team.

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Effects of Indecent Dressing, Causes and Solutions

EFFECTS OF INDECENT DRESSING IN THE NIGERIAN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

Indecent dressing is a social malady in the society today especially by the youths. It simply means deliberate exposure of one’s body to the public.

This practice does not conform to the norms and values of the society, particularly the African society.

This practice is now so common in public places like in churches and offices. Indecent dressing is caused by common phrases which are the problems of our generation like; “Only God can judge me, you can’t”, “Leave them alone”,

“Everyone is entitled to his or her opinion”;

“Mind your business”. These phrases have become so common in our society that one can’t condemn any wrong doings again because the rewards are usually curses, malice, hatred and condemnation.

Indecent dressing is the major cause of the various assault and sexual harassments recorded in the society, overtime. In the name of fashion, ladies dress half naked to functions for instance Nigerian ladies derive pleasure in wearing miniskirts, bumper shorts, armless tops etc.

Innocent boys have been subject to arrests along with hooligans because of this ill. Boys nowadays fix hairs, pierce ears making them look like hardened criminals, so one cannot really police for arresting them.

Nowadays, there are different boy styles like sagging, hot bosom, low west and the likes. Although to say the least, these unfortunate societal ill has now eaten deep into both the young and the old, it is also common amongst artistes especially while they are on stage.

This is another cause for indecency in dressing amongst youths as most youths see these characters as role models and mentors.
Major factors contributing to this societal problem include: the society, peer groups and parents.

Reasonably parents are not to be a part of this problem but nowadays, parents encourage their offspring by buying them these kinds of clothes or recommend them to the children to attend parties.

There are various ways in which indecent dressing can be reduced in our society at least to a minimum level. Parents should dress decently and act as role models to their children, religious institutions should always promote the culture of decent dressing, dress codes should be introduced in higher institutions and given to all students, the mass media should do more to promote decency in dressing among youths and there should be formation of campus brigades to check the dressing patterns of students.

ABSTRACT

This project looks at indecent dressing. Dress pattern that is common among students of higher institution of learning in Nigeria. The various forms that these dresses appears, reasons why these students dress indecently, use of the internet, fading values as well as demonic influence among others. The negative repercussions include rape, prostitution, HIV/AID and other venereal diseases/infections as well as armed robbery, lying and poor school grades. The instrument used in the collection of data was questionnaires; the result showed that indecent dressing has a great effect on students in higher institutions. It was recommended that parents should be good moral examples to their children. They should given them attention and regulate the films they watch at home and that the media must promote good moral values.  

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Indecent appearance has come to characterize the dress pattern of many students on campuses of higher learning in Nigeria, there is hardly any higher institution of learning in this country that is not faced with his nauseating problem. The way students on theses campuses of learning particularly the female ones dress seductively leaves much to be desired. What the girls call skirts that they wear is just “one inch” longer than their pants. When they put on such dresses, they struggle to sit down, find it difficult in climbing machines, cross gutter as well as pick anything from the ground. Apart from the skimpy and tight fitting nature of these dresses, they are again transparent, revealing certain parts of the bodies that under normal dressing patterns ought to be hidden away from the glare of people. In the case of boys, their pattern of dress is different. It makes them to look so dirty and very unattractive with unkempt hairs and dirty jeans having pockets of holes deliberately created around the knees and the lower part of the trousers allowed to flow on the ground because they go through their heals into their legs as socks.

The waist of their trousers are lowered and fastened tightly at the middle of the bottom lobes to reveal their boxers (pants) and when they are walking they drag their legs and one of their hands particularly, the left one, cupping their invisible scrotum as if they will fall to the ground if not supposed. Many of them because of how they dressed had at one time or the other become victims of rape, lured into prostitution, used for ritual purpose, unable to complete their education or training and also engaged in other ancillary social and moral problems like cultism and lying to mention these few. Although, there are known universally acceptable way or ways of dressing, dresses are meant to serve some definable purpose, country or region notwithstanding. They are part of the peoples culture and they define their tribal or ethnic identity. Apart from dresses being a means for cultural identity they are for ornamental or aesthetic purposes, for protection of the body against harsh weather condition as well as covering the intimate part of the body. These purposes are important especially as they form major aspects of a person’s personality. But as important as these purpose are, they have been defeated by the Nigerian youths, their dress pattern are most time anti-African dress pattern invented. They usually dress in a manner that does not show especially that of Nigerian encourages modesty in appearance as do the Christian and Islamic religion where the larger population of these youth claim to be worshiping God. This un-african dress pattern among the youths of this generation are generated a lot of concern and worry among the citizenry of the country. Religion institution as well as institution of learning are not resting on their bars to watch this moral act being perpetuated, but they speak against it. For instance Olori (2003) reported that at the university of Abuja rules were made that any dress won must cover intimate part of the body, must not expose the breast, stomach, navel and bare chest. But on this campus student still dress indecently.

In the same vein, in Edo State College of Education Ekiadolor, where this study is focused, it seems that the introduction of a dress code was misinterpreted by the students to mean they should dress indecently. This is because what became obvious with students in this college after the introduction of this dress code was the alarming and arrant ways that they begin to dress indecently. One is not however surprised because what is typically of most Nigerian administrators is always a wide gap between policy and formulation and execution. Indecent dressing even though is not accepted as the normality, it seem to be gaining ascendancy. One wonders what becomes of the society tomorrow with the caliber of students that are being trained.

If rules are made for people, they suppose to be adequately informed why such rules are made. It is for this very reason this project attempts to counsel students about the cause, effects of indecent dressing as well as suggestion of solutions that could remedy the further spread of this immoral act on campuses of learning in Nigeria.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
This behaviour is of a hydra headed origin. It is not just a behaviour that developed overnight, but an accumulated behavioural pattern that could be attributed to the home due to neglect and/or poor parenting. The effects of globalization arising from wrong values of exportation and importation, reflection of high rate of moral decadence in the large society (corruption and the led), peer pressure and the desire to belong as well as fading values and demonic influence all contribute to the act of indecent dressing. 

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main motive of the study is to investigate the effects of dressing in the Nigerian educational sector. Indecent dressing in higher institutions of learning, emphasis on college of education, Ekiadolor, Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. This study is to find out whether students of higher learning can still dress decently.

This study intends to find out possible solutions to indecent dressing in the Nigerian educational sector. Many teachers, administrators, security personnel, counsellors are worried when it comes to evaluating indecent dressing.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Parents, school administrators, society leaders are some of the important factor that contribute to the indecent dressing of students in higher institutions of learning. It is hoped that this study will identify some of the vital factors existing in the various levels and what influences students indecent dressing.

The result of the study will be of immense importance to all and sundry particularly educational administrators. Teachers and others who may be interested in the welfare, progress, educational upliftment and advancement of students. The study will bring into focus the need for government to incorporate parents in planning the progress and upliftment of the students.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
For valid conclusion to be drawn in this study the following  research questions have been formulated to serve as guide in the conduct of the investigation.

• Does poor parenting have any impact on indecent dressing of the students in higher institutions of learning?
• Does peer pressure have any impact on indecent dressing of students in higher institution of learning in Nigeria?
• Does society have any impact in indecent dressing of the students I higher institution of learning?
• Does educational sector have any impact in indecent dressing of the students in higher institutions of learning?

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers the effect of indecent dressing in the Nigerian educational sector using the college of education, Ekiadolor as a case study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Dress: A piece of clothing that cover someone’s’ body

Indecent: Offensive or shocking

Skimpy: Of (clothes) short and revealing

Ornament: Am object designed to add beauty to something.

Aesthetic: Concerned with beauty or its appreciation. Having a pleasant appearance.

CONCLUSION
A student stated that she had to stop attending a church in which she grew up because the ushers stopped her from entering inside one Sunday because of what she was wearing.

According to her, “I wore a mini gown, which highlighted my hips and boobs and the ‘old-fashioned’ usher refused to allow me enter the church. Since then, I decided to join another church that won’t judge me based on my dressing, but my heart. Besides, the Lord sees the heart, not the body; so, why should anybody judge me”?

On her part, a retired school principal and mother of five, Mrs. Hilda Kumbin stated that: “It is unfortunate that standard has fallen in the society and parents are not helping because they don’t have time for their children. There are many reasons why young girls come out in indecent dresses but the most important, I think, has to do with self-esteem. When a young girl feels inadequate, lacking in self-confidence, she will do anything to draw attention to herself and wearing indecent clothes could be her way of doing that. They forget that for every action, there is a reaction; and that is why we have series of cases like rape. Most young women have fallen victims to rape because of the provocative dresses they put on. I believe that, indecent dressing debases womanhood because it tends to expose parts of the woman’s body that forms her treasure. Our pride as women lies in hidden and protected treasure; but when a girl exposes it to the public, it reduces her worth in the sight of everyone in society and it makes the man to lose respect in her; there won’t be anything left for the man to explore. Any man that will come after her will only be doing so out of lust, and just to devour what she has displayed for him. Even if you are decent but decide to wear indecent clothes, people will insult you,” she said.

Continuing further, she said, “A girl’s behaviour is often influenced by the type of training and grooming she gets. It has become necessary to establish guidelines for parents and students on acceptable mode of dressing. The National Assembly must enact a law that will regulate dressing in the society. I like what some schools like University of Abuja and Nasarawa State University, Keffi are doing on indecent dressing. Government must ban unscrupulous music videos and films, while parents must discourage their children from such dressings. In the same vein, teachers must discourage this madness. Young people must know that indecent dressing do not improve their beauty; rather, they dent their image and it also symbolises rebellion and immorality, ending in molestation,” she cautions.

Also, Mr. Peter Abbass, a Psychology lecturer in Nasarawa State Polytechnic stated: “I think it‘s time a course on immorality or indecent dressing is introduced in schools. I think it is low self-esteem that is making young girls to dress indecently. It makes them believe that they have to do something, sometimes improper to be noticed; this is to fill emptiness in their lives. They are not contented with their abilities and beauty.

“These young girls see other ladies dressing that way and because men chase after such girls, the girl with very low self-esteem will want to join them to get the same attention. One thing about indecent dressing is that it attracts attention; whether it is a negative or positive one, the bottom line is that it attracts attention. People must stare and automatically, such a person is noticed. So, when a girl who feels insecure wants to be noticed, she resorts to indecent dressing. Indecent dressing portrays our society and institution as immoral; if it’s in the church, it portrays the pastor as weak and not spiritually sound. Parents and adults must dress well and honourably as an example for younger generations. The mass media should promote good moral values and religious leaders must strongly preach against indecent dressing because you will be addressed by the way you are dressed,” he said.

For Pastor John Ishaku, Christian parents must teach their children how to dress decently because that is what the Bible says. “In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with braided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; But (which becomes women professing godliness) with good works.” So it is a command from the Bible. It is a sin for a lady dressing half-naked to walk in the street or come to church.”

Mallam Yahaya Abdulaziz, a Muslim cleric also stated that, “No good Muslim woman will dress indecently because it is clearly written: ‘Tell the believing men that they shall subdue their eyes (and not stare at the women), and to maintain their chastity. This is purer for them. God is fully cognizant of everything they do.’

AcademicsNG Team.

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UNION LEADERS/SCHOOL MANAGEMENT VERSUS ACCOUNTANT GENERAL/NIGERIANS

Tertiary Institutions workers are yet to get their salary for the month of June. The Accountant General of the Federation refuses to release the salary because most tertiary institutions of education fail to comply with e-Payment requirement. Every institution is required to send names of its workers and their wage profile for direct salary payment into individual salary account from CBN.

Why are the tertiary institutions declining to comply? 
The e-payment will lead to many unpleasant consequencies against managements of the tertiary institutions. First, ghost workers will be exposed. Unapaid allowances will also be known to ordinary workers. Also underpayment of salary will come to an end. At the end of it all the workers will gain because underpayment and diverted allowances will come directly from the CBN into individual account. The Government will also gain since ghost workers money will be recorvered. This means in terms of gaining, the government and the workers are on the same side. In terms of losing the Management and the union leaders will lose what they cut and divert from wages and allowance and share. We know this to be so because in all the institutions where e-payment is effected, workers gained and management cried bitterly for loss of loots.

Now the battle line is drawn. The union leaders under the covert instigations of their respective managements are threatening to go on strike in the next two weeks. Unfurtunately the workers are kept in the dark about the true nature of the strike. Workers are being misinformed that if Government is allowed to start the e-payment (IPPS) many will lose their jobs and all will get less salary. These liers have gone to the extent of printing fake salary structure showing less money. This is to decieve the workers to give support to their conniving paid union leaders.

Workers must rise up against this planned strike. Workers must be aware that they will be the beneficiaries of this e-payment. If you know any worker where e-payment has already been implimented ask and hear about their benefit. It is called IPPS system.

It is time to say no to the union leaders who always fight only for their own interest.

Whatever the case, Government will not go back on cleaning the system for the good of all ecxept the corrupt administrators and union leaders. If workers allow this strike to go on, they should prepare for indefinite strike without salary. The administrators will eat what they stole, the union leaders will eat your union money, while the workers will turn into beggars as the industrial action goes on throught months. A lot of allowances have not been paid by the administrators , but the union leaders never call for a strike because they get their share. Why now when workers will get paid directly from CBN will the union go on strike?

For those who are observent, they might notice that appointment letters were given to many lucky people from the past five months to date in almost all tertiary institutions. It is part of the benefit of e-payment as the administrators are trying to replace ghost workers with real workers. In FCE Zaria alone I am aware of over two hundred ghost workers. In ABU Zaria, there is similar case where casual workers were included in regular payrol but were being paid pittance as casual workers. As you may notice, unusually many people were employed in ABU for the last five months. This is to cover up ghost space. The same thing is happening in other education and research related institutions. E-payment insisted on by the Accountant General has forced this corrupt and wicked people to employ people to cover ghost spaces. This is the first benefit. Workers will see the next benefit in the recorvery of their diverted allowances and cut salary if they resist the attempt to the fraudulent union leaders to on strike.

Now it is the time for workers to fight for their right to uncut salary and full salary. I believe the simple remedy is for the workers to dissolve any union EXCO that insist on going on strike or that goes on strike without their mandate. I have done my part of enlightening you, the rest is your choice.

AcademicsNG Team.

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Indecent Dressing In Nigeria Tertiary Institutions

Like other social vices such as Drug abuse, Cultism and Prostitution, indecent dressing has become a major moral misconduct among students of Nigerian tertiary institutions. Indecent or crazy dressing, also known as “dress to kill” is rampant among Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education students, particularly the females; all in the name of wanting to look “sexy,” “sensuous,” “tantalizing” and “stimulating,” forgetting that they ought to look responsible instead. 

Indecent Dressing

Wearing skimpy clothes, also known as “fitted,” strapless and short blouses and sagging of trousers - “low waist” or “ass down,” by boys and even girls, cleavages and sleeveless shirts, also known as “spaghetti or off-shoulder,” are major moral problems associated with decency in dressing faced in tertiary institutions today.

Apart from the skimpy and tight fitting nature of these dresses, they are again transparent; revealing certain parts of the bodies that under normal dressing patterns ought to be hidden away from the glare of people. Ironically, these are the renowned modern fashion trends among students nowadays. Students dress indecently for reasons such as:

1. Poor parenting,
2. Peer pressure,
3. Wrong use of the Internet,
4. Fading values as well as
5. Demonic influence, etc.

The negative sides of indecent dressing are that many of these students become victims of rape on campus; they are lured into prostitution by peers because of the way they dress. Subsequently, they are tempted and influenced to become members of one cult group or the other and these result in poor academic performance.

In order to curb indecent dressing on Nigerian campuses, practical initiatives must be embarked upon to educate the student populace about the potential consequences associated with it. The efforts of many tertiary institutions to reduce immoralities on Nigerian campuses are highly commendable. Today, dress codes and strict rules enforcing compliance of students have been introduced in Colleges of Education, Polytechnics and Universities across the country.

Dress codes can be properly enforced on campuses through the collective efforts of management, staff and security personnel of tertiary institutions. To further complement the efforts of the Management of tertiary institutions in reducing widespread immorality on Nigerian campuses, the following measure needs to be taken:

• Parents should be good moral exemplars to their children; give them attention and regulate the films they watch at home. Through home videos, satellite images and other media agents, wrong values, fashions (modern, modest and immodest) are traded across cultures and nations.
• There is also the need to regulate the use of the Internet especially among youth, because majority of the youths are exposed to different kinds of immoral activities on the Internet through pornographic videos, advertisements, fashion parades and music.
• Religious leaders must preach against immorality in the society, counsel and deliver those under demonic influence.

In addition, there is the need for general orientation of staff and students on the need for good moral conduct. Students and members of staff should be educated on what is expected of them to ensure that they do not get used to values that are unduly antisocial.

AcademicsNG Team.

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